An Environmentally Benign Antimicrobial Coating Based on a Protein Supramolecular Assembly

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Green Chemistry

Background:

• Antimicrobial materials like silver nanoparticles raise environmental and safety concerns.
• There is a need for safe, effective, and eco-friendly antimicrobial solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a green antimicrobial coating using a protein from food.
• To investigate the antimicrobial efficacy and functional properties of the protein-based coating.

Main Methods:

• Extraction and supramolecular assembly of hen egg white lysozyme into a nanofilm.
• In vitro and in vivo testing for antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.
• Evaluation of antifouling, antibiofilm, blood compatibility, and cytotoxicity properties.
• Assessment of adhesion capabilities on various substrates.

Main Results:

• The self-assembled lysozyme nanofilm demonstrated durable, broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy.
• Enhanced antimicrobial activity was linked to positive charge and hydrophobic residues in the protein aggregates.
• The coating exhibited antifouling, antibiofilm, blood compatibility, and low cytotoxicity.
• Bioinspired adhesion enabled rapid, one-step coating and printing onto diverse substrates.

Conclusions:

• A pure protein-based substance can serve as a cost-effective, green biomaterial with high antimicrobial activity.
• This protein-based coating offers a sustainable alternative to conventional antimicrobial agents.
• The material's multifunctional properties and rapid application facilitate practical use in various devices.