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Basicity of Aliphatic Amines

Basicity of Aliphatic Amines

Amines can behave as Brønsted–Lowry bases by accepting a proton from the acid to form corresponding conjugate acids. Due to a lone pair of nonbonding electrons, aliphatic amines can also act as Lewis bases by forming a covalent bond with an electrophile.
To measure the basicity of amines, two conventions are generally used. The first defines Kb as the basicity constant for the deprotonation reaction of water by the amine, as presented in Figure 1. Conventionally, lower Kb indicates higher...

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Overview

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Overview

Primary amines react with carbonyl compounds—aldehydes and ketones—to generate imines. Imines consist of a C=N double bond and are named Schiff bases after its discoverer—the German chemist Hugo Schiff. On the other hand, secondary amines react with carbonyl compounds to give enamines. In enamines, the presence of a C=C double bond adjacent to the nitrogen atom leads to the delocalization of the lone pair.

Amines: Introduction

Amines: Introduction

Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia. They are formed by replacing one or more ammonia protons with alkyl or aryl groups. Depending upon the number of organyl groups bonded to nitrogen, amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary amines have one organyl group attached to the nitrogen atom, while secondary and tertiary amines have two and three organyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, respectively.

What are Proteins?

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Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials

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Polyamines and α-Carbonic Anhydrases.

Andrea Scozzafava¹, Claudiu T Supuran², Fabrizio Carta³

¹Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy. andrea.scozzafava@unifi.it.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 17, 2016

Summary

Natural products like polyamines are promising inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases (CAs), enzymes crucial for treating diseases like glaucoma and infections. This review explores natural and synthetic polyamines as potential CA modulators.

Keywords:

CA inhibitors polyamines spermine

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Medicinal Chemistry
Pharmacology

Background:

Natural products offer diverse chemical structures for biomedical applications.
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are key targets for treating glaucoma, tumors, CNS disorders, and infectious diseases.
Polyamines and coumarins are emerging as novel CA inhibitors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current state of knowledge on natural polyamines and their synthetic derivatives.
To highlight their potential as inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases.
To explore their therapeutic applications in various diseases.

Main Methods:

Literature review of natural product chemistry and enzyme inhibition studies.
Analysis of structure-activity relationships for polyamine-based CA inhibitors.
Discussion of pharmacological relevance and therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

Polyamines, both natural and synthetic, exhibit inhibitory activity against human CAs.
These compounds represent atypical chemotypes for CA inhibition.
Potential for developing selective CA modulators for various diseases.

Conclusions:

Natural products, particularly polyamines, are valuable sources for novel CA inhibitors.
Polyamines offer a promising avenue for developing new therapeutics against CA-associated pathologies.
Further research into polyamine derivatives could yield selective and effective drugs.