Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

24
In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
24
Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients01:14

Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients

5.3K
The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also known as the partition law, states that if a solute is added to the mixture of two immiscible solvents at a constant temperature, the solute is distributed between the two solvents in such a way that the ratio of solute concentrations in the solvents remains constant at equilibrium.
For extracting a solute from an aqueous phase into an...
5.3K
Arrhenius Plots02:34

Arrhenius Plots

48.5K
The Arrhenius equation relates the activation energy and the rate constant, k, for chemical reactions. In the Arrhenius equation, k = Ae−Ea/RT, R is the ideal gas constant, which has a value of 8.314 J/mol·K, T is the temperature on the kelvin scale, Ea is the activation energy in J/mole, e is the constant 2.7183, and A is a constant called the frequency factor, which is related to the frequency of collisions and the orientation of the reacting molecules.
The Arrhenius equation can be used...
48.5K
Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations02:05

Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

55.4K
Being able to calculate equilibrium concentrations is essential to many areas of science and technology—for example, in the formulation and dosing of pharmaceutical products. After a drug is ingested or injected, it is typically involved in several chemical equilibria that affect its ultimate concentration in the body system of interest. Knowledge of the quantitative aspects of these equilibria is required to compute a dosage amount that will solicit the desired therapeutic effect.
A more...
55.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channel expressed in sensory neurons mediates osteoarthritis pain in mice.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage·2026
Same author

Mechanical sensitization of sensory afferents after passive transfer of fibromyalgia IgG.

The Journal of physiology·2026
Same author

Structure prediction of porous organic crystals.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

An atomic cluster expansion (ACE) potential for water under extreme conditions.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025
Same author

PPARγ ligands activate the ion channel TRPA1.

European journal of pharmacology·2025
Same author

Aβ low threshold mechanoreceptors contribute to sensory abnormalities in fibromyalgia.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films
12:22

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films

Published on: November 9, 2015

11.9K

Determination of Krypton Diffusion Coefficients in Uranium Dioxide Using Atomic Scale Calculations.

Emerson Vathonne1, David A Andersson2, Michel Freyss1

  • 1CEA , DEN, DEC, Centre de Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.

Inorganic Chemistry
|December 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals how krypton (Kr) diffuses in uranium dioxide (UO2) based on atomic calculations. Kr migration mechanisms and diffusion coefficients vary significantly with uranium dioxide

More Related Videos

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
04:51

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride

Published on: July 8, 2021

3.2K
U2O5 Film Preparation via UO2 Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen
12:05

U2O5 Film Preparation via UO2 Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen

Published on: February 21, 2019

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films
12:22

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films

Published on: November 9, 2015

11.9K
Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
04:51

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride

Published on: July 8, 2021

3.2K
U2O5 Film Preparation via UO2 Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen
12:05

U2O5 Film Preparation via UO2 Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen

Published on: February 21, 2019

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nuclear Engineering
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding fission gas behavior in nuclear fuel is crucial for reactor safety and performance.
  • Krypton (Kr) is a significant fission product whose diffusion in uranium dioxide (UO2) impacts fuel integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the atomic-scale mechanisms governing krypton diffusion in UO2.
  • To determine the influence of nonstoichiometry and oxygen chemical potential on Kr migration pathways and diffusion coefficients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized density functional theory with the DFT+U framework and the nudged elastic band method to calculate migration barriers.
  • Employed empirical potential methods to determine attempt frequencies from phonon modes.
  • Integrated calculated data with diffusion models that account for vacancy concentrations and Kr-vacancy interactions.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct preferred mechanisms for Kr migration under varying oxygen chemical potentials (nonstoichiometry).
  • Interstitial migration is favored under U-rich conditions, while vacancy-assisted mechanisms (involving Schottky defects, uranium vacancies, and uranium-oxygen divacancies) dominate near and under O-rich conditions.
  • Calculated diffusion coefficients and activation energies show good agreement with experimental data, particularly for hyperstoichiometric UO2.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the complex interplay between nonstoichiometry and Kr diffusion mechanisms in UO2.
  • Kr migration is enhanced under hyperstoichiometric (O-rich) conditions, with activation energies consistent with experimental findings.
  • The established trends for Kr are analogous to those previously observed for Xenon (Xe), suggesting a common behavior for fission gases in UO2.