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[Variable prevalence of allergic rhinitis and risk factors affecting the prevalence]
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Medical Faculty of Sakarya University, 54100 Sakarya, Turkey. ozdemir_oner@hotmail.com.
Insights
Pediatric allergic rhinitis, a nasal inflammation, is increasing globally. This review explores known and emerging risk factors, including genetics and western lifestyle influences, contributing to this rise.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Environmental Health
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Allergic rhinitis involves chronic nasal inflammation with symptoms like sneezing and congestion.
- A global rise in pediatric allergic rhinitis is observed, with regional variations.
- Genetic and environmental factors, including western diet and lifestyle, influence prevalence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review established and novel risk factors for allergic rhinitis.
- To analyze the impact of genetic and environmental influences on disease development.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on allergic rhinitis risk factors.
- Analysis of epidemiological data and contributing environmental/behavioral changes.
Main Results:
- Significant regional differences in prevalence suggest varying risk factor impact.
- Western diet and lifestyle changes are implicated in the increasing trend.
- Both known and emerging risk factors require further investigation.
Conclusions:
- Understanding diverse risk factors is crucial for managing allergic rhinitis.
- Further research is needed to clarify the multifactorial etiology of allergic rhinitis.
Abstract:
Allergic rhinitis is described as a chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa causing rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal congestion and itching, often characterized with conjunctival injection and ocular itching. The prevalence of pediatric allergic rhinitis has recently shown a sharp increase throughout the world. However, there are significant differences among the regions, thus indicating to the influence of varying genetic and environmental factors upon the development of allergic rhinitis. This regional difference is mainly related to the 'western diet' and 'western lifestyle', with its swift changes in environmental and behavioral factors, besides a genetic predisposition. Some main and potential risk factors contributing to the development of allergic rhinitis are still unclear. In this review, we discuss mostly well known and some emerging new risk factors in the light of recent literature.
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