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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

60.9K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
60.9K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

2.2K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
2.2K
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

2.5K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
2.5K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

842
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
842
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

1.6K
Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
1.6K
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

1.0K
Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
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Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

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Artificial vision: principles and prospects.

Michael J Gilhooley1, James Acheson

  • 1Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|December 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial vision technologies are advancing rapidly, offering new hope for blind patients. Retinal prostheses, stem cells, gene therapy, and optogenetics are nearing clinical use, aiming to restore sight.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and neuroscience
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Retinal diseases cause blindness, impacting millions worldwide.
  • Current treatments are limited, creating a need for innovative vision restoration strategies.
  • Artificial vision research focuses on restoring sight by stimulating remaining retinal cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of artificial vision technologies for patients with blindness from retinal disease.
  • To assess the current development status and clinical readiness of these technologies.
  • To highlight retinal approaches due to their advanced development and public interest.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current strategies and technologies for vision restoration.
  • Focus on retinal approaches utilizing survivor cell stimulation.
  • Examination of electronic prostheses, stem cells, gene therapy, and ophthalmic optogenetics.

Main Results:

  • Retinal approaches are the most advanced in development and public awareness.
  • Electronic prostheses, stem cells, gene therapy, and optogenetics show significant promise.
  • Human applications are in research clinics and nearing commercialization.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial vision technologies are progressing towards clinical practice.
  • Survivor cell stimulation is a key principle in current vision restoration efforts.
  • These advancements offer potential for restoring vision in patients with retinal disease.