Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

3.1K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
3.1K
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

4.1K
A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
4.1K
Phasor Arithmetics01:13

Phasor Arithmetics

916
Phasors and their corresponding sinusoids are interrelated, offering unique insights into the behavior of alternating current (AC) circuits. One way to understand this relationship is through the operations of differentiation and integration in both the time and phasor domains.
When the derivative of a sinusoid is taken in the time domain, it transforms into its corresponding phasor multiplied by j-omega (jω) in the phasor domain, where j is the imaginary unit, and ω is the angular...
916
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

4.1K
Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
4.1K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

8.7K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
8.7K
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

5.3K
Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
5.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Shared memories of event details in the human brain are altered by misinformation and test expectations.

PLoS biology·2026
Same author

Perceived appearance pressures from close social relationships and disinhibited eating: A cross-national study among young adult college students in the United States, China, and Pakistan.

Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology·2026
Same author

Near-complete phosphorus valorization from sewage sludge: Cost-effective co-production of vivianite and bioavailable detoxified hydrochar via a recyclable citric acid-mediated hydrothermal process.

Water research·2026
Same author

Photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac using iron-doped hydrothermal carbonation carbon coupled with peroxydisulfate: Insights into reactive species contributions and degradation pathways via density functional theory.

Bioresource technology·2026
Same author

A mixed-methods study of body esteem, disordered eating behaviors, acculturative stress, and sociocultural correlates among female Chinese international students.

Journal of eating disorders·2026
Same author

Unveiling the role of ANGPT2 in esophageal cancer: A prognostic factor and potential oncogene.

Oncology reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits
10:32

Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits

Published on: April 15, 2015

8.9K

The neural circuits for arithmetic principles.

Jie Liu1, Han Zhang2, Chuansheng Chen3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Future Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Siegler Center for Innovative Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

Neuroimage
|December 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding how the brain processes arithmetic principles is key. This fMRI study reveals distinct neural networks for arithmetic principles, numerical computation, and language, with unique overlaps and differences.

Keywords:
Arithmetic principlesMathematical brainMathematical cognitionNumerical processing

More Related Videos

Preparation of Neuronal Co-cultures with Single Cell Precision
09:06

Preparation of Neuronal Co-cultures with Single Cell Precision

Published on: May 20, 2014

14.4K
Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings
10:24

Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings

Published on: January 10, 2015

18.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits
10:32

Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits

Published on: April 15, 2015

8.9K
Preparation of Neuronal Co-cultures with Single Cell Precision
09:06

Preparation of Neuronal Co-cultures with Single Cell Precision

Published on: May 20, 2014

14.4K
Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings
10:24

Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings

Published on: January 10, 2015

18.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • The neural basis of arithmetic principles, the regularities governing mathematical operations, remains largely unexplored.
  • Existing research often focuses on numerical computation or general language processing, leaving a gap in understanding the distinct cognitive and neural mechanisms for abstract arithmetic rules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural activation and functional connectivity patterns associated with processing verbalized arithmetic principles.
  • To compare these patterns with those observed during numerical computation and general language processing using fMRI.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to measure brain activity.
  • Participants engaged in tasks involving verbalized arithmetic principles, numerical computation, and general language processing.
  • Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis was used to examine functional connectivity differences between conditions.

Main Results:

  • Processing arithmetic principles showed greater activation in the bilateral horizontal intraparietal sulcus and right supramarginal gyrus compared to language processing.
  • Arithmetic principles also engaged the left middle temporal lobe and left orbital inferior frontal gyrus more than numerical computation.
  • Numerical computation uniquely activated the bilateral horizontal intraparietal sulcus (extending to the posterior superior parietal lobule).
  • Functional connectivity revealed distinct patterns: left temporal-parietal (MTG-HIPS) connectivity was higher for principles/language than computation, while parietal-occipital connectivities were higher for computation.
  • Left fronto-parietal (orbital IFG-HIPS) connectivity was stronger for arithmetic principles than computation.

Conclusions:

  • Verbalized arithmetic principles recruit a distinct yet overlapping neural network compared to numerical computation and general language processing.
  • The findings highlight specialized brain regions and networks for abstract mathematical rule processing.
  • This research contributes to understanding the neural architecture supporting mathematical cognition and language integration.