The RNA Epistructurome: Uncovering RNA Function by Studying Structure and Post-Transcriptional Modifications

A large fraction of higher metazoan genomes transcribe RNA molecules whose functions extend far beyond carrying instructions for protein synthesis. Although RNA is apparently a simple molecule, the ways in which it performs many of its functions have remained highly elusive for decades. As learned from studying ribosomal and transfer RNAs, two of the key features influencing the function of RNA are its structure and post-transcriptional modifications. A deep understanding of RNA function therefore requires rapid and straightforward approaches to study the complex and intricate landscape of RNA structures and modifications. In this review we summarize and discuss the most recent methods and findings in the field of RNA biology, with an eye toward new frontiers and open questions.