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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo
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Accelerated electron paramagnetic resonance imaging using partial Fourier compressed sensing reconstruction.

Chia-Chu Chou1, Gadisetti V R Chandramouli2, Taehoon Shin3

  • 1University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
|December 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A new partial Fourier compressed sensing (PFCS) technique accelerates electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging, improving tissue oxygenation assessment. This method enhances spatial resolution and accuracy for studying hypoxia in vivo.

Keywords:
Compressed sensingCycling hypoxiaElectron paramagnetic resonance imagingSingle point imagingVirtual coils

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging offers non-invasive assessment of tissue oxygenation.
  • Current EPR imaging methods, like single point imaging (SPI), have limited spatial and temporal resolution due to short electron T2 relaxation times.
  • This limitation hinders the accurate measurement of dynamic changes in hypoxic states and the localization of cycling hypoxia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an accelerated EPR imaging technique to overcome resolution limitations.
  • To improve the ability to capture oxygen variations and localize cycling hypoxia in tissues.
  • To enhance the accuracy and efficiency of EPR imaging for oxygenation assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a partial Fourier compressed sensing (PFCS) technique combining compressed sensing (CS) and partial Fourier reconstruction.
  • Augmented the CS equation with conjugate symmetry information for missing measurements.
  • Utilized a projection onto convex sets (POCS)-based phase map and a spherical-sampling mask for improved low-resolution image reconstruction.
  • Evaluated the PFCS technique in phantoms and in vivo SCC7 tumor-bearing mice for image quality and O2 concentration accuracy.

Main Results:

  • PFCS achieved at least 4-fold acceleration with more accurate image reconstruction compared to traditional CS in both phantom and in vivo experiments.
  • The technique preserved distinct spatial patterns with 0.6mm resolution in phantoms.
  • Reconstructed linewidth maps using PFCS were discriminative of varying O2 concentrations in Oxo63 phantoms.
  • PFCS demonstrated better discrimination of hypoxic and oxygenated regions in a leg tumor compared to traditional CS.

Conclusions:

  • EPR imaging with a 4-fold acceleration factor is feasible using PFCS, enabling reasonable tissue oxygenation assessment.
  • The PFCS technique significantly enhances EPR applications and deepens the understanding of cycling hypoxia.
  • The developed PFCS method is readily adaptable to various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications.