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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

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Trefoil Factor Peptides and Gastrointestinal Function.

Eitaro Aihara1, Kristen A Engevik1, Marshall H Montrose1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267;

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trefoil factor (TFF) peptides are key to gastrointestinal mucosal defense and repair. This review details their roles in healing injury and preventing inflammation progression.

Keywords:
GI mucosal defenseTFF signalingcell migrationhomeostasisimmune systemmucin

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Trefoil factor (TFF) peptides are mucin-associated secretory molecules crucial for gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal homeostasis.
  • These peptides possess a conserved 40-amino acid motif with six cysteine residues forming disulfide bonds, contributing to their stability and function.
  • TFF peptides are implicated in both maintaining mucosal integrity and responding to injury and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functional roles of TFF peptides, specifically TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3.
  • To elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying TFF peptide actions in the GI epithelium.
  • To highlight the significance of TFF peptides in GI mucosal defense mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature.
  • It synthesizes findings on TFF peptide structure and function.
  • Focuses on mechanisms within the gastrointestinal tract.

Main Results:

  • TFF peptides accelerate cell migration to repair acute GI mucosal injury.
  • Chronic inflammation is associated with increased TFF expression, potentially preventing disease advancement.
  • TFF peptides are vital for restoring and maintaining GI mucosal homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • TFF peptides play critical roles in GI mucosal defense and repair.
  • Understanding their mechanisms is essential for addressing GI diseases.
  • Further research into TFF peptide actions can inform therapeutic strategies.