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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

Published on: December 21, 2012

Extrapelvic Endometriosis.

Anne C Davis¹, Jeffrey M Goldberg¹

¹Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine

|December 20, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Extrapelvic endometriosis, rare disease outside the pelvis, has unclear causes. This review covers its pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment for locations like the umbilicus and thorax.

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Area of Science:

Gynecology
Pathophysiology
Surgical Science

Background:

Intrapelvic endometriosis is commonly linked to retrograde menstruation.
The origins of extrapelvic endometriosis remain poorly understood.
This condition presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathophysiology of extrapelvic endometriosis.
To outline clinical signs, symptoms, and diagnostic methods.
To provide treatment recommendations for extrapelvic endometriosis.

Main Methods:

Literature review of extrapelvic endometriosis.
Analysis of pathophysiology and proposed mechanisms.
Synthesis of clinical presentation and diagnostic modalities.
Review of current treatment strategies.

Main Results:

Extrapelvic endometriosis can occur in the umbilicus, abdominal wall, thorax, and vulva.
Pathogenesis theories are diverse and less established than for intrapelvic disease.
Early diagnosis relies on recognizing varied clinical signs and symptoms.

Conclusions:

Understanding extrapelvic endometriosis requires further research into its elusive mechanisms.
Comprehensive diagnostic approaches are crucial for timely intervention.
Tailored treatment plans are necessary for managing this rare condition.