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Related Experiment Videos

[Asthma due to disulfites].

B Wüthrich1, T Huwyler

  • 1Allergiestation der Dermatologischen Universitätsklinik Zürich.

Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift
|September 2, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Sulfite additives in foods and drugs can trigger severe allergic reactions, particularly in individuals with asthma. Oral challenges confirmed sulfite sensitivity, with some cases suggesting an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity mechanism.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pulmonology
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Sulfites are common food and drug additives used as preservatives and antioxidants.
  • Asthma and intrinsic rhinitis patients are particularly susceptible to sulfite-induced adverse reactions.
  • Severe anaphylactoid reactions, including life-threatening asthma and urticaria, have been reported.

Observation:

  • Seven patients (6 female, 1 male) with pre-existing asthma/rhinitis experienced severe reactions after consuming sulfite-containing products.
  • One patient suffered anaphylactoid shock post-injection of a doxycycline preparation containing disulfite.
  • Oral blind challenge tests with sodium disulfite demonstrated dose-dependent decreases in FEV1 (30-57%) and induced bronchospasm.

Findings:

  • Bronchospasm occurred 15-60 minutes after oral sulfite intake.

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  • Two patients experienced severe, life-threatening asthmatic reactions.
  • Positive skin tests in four patients suggest a potential IgE-mediated hypersensitivity mechanism for sulfite sensitivity.
  • Aspirin (ASS) intolerance was present in only one patient, indicating specific sulfite sensitivity.

    • Implications:

    • Identifies sulfite additives as significant triggers for severe allergic reactions in susceptible individuals.
    • Highlights the importance of diagnostic oral challenge tests for confirming sulfite sensitivity.
    • Suggests IgE-mediated mechanisms may play a role in some sulfite-sensitive patients.
    • Provides data on the prevalence of sulfites in food and medications in Switzerland.