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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli is a sensory-driven motility mechanism that enables bacteria to navigate chemical gradients, moving toward beneficial environments while avoiding harmful conditions. This process relies on a signal transduction system integrating external chemical cues with flagellar motor control.Chemoreceptors and Signal DetectionE. coli detects chemical gradients through methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), which are membrane-bound chemoreceptors that sense attractants...
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Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that perform photosynthesis without producing oxygen. They primarily include purple sulfur bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, and green nonsulfur bacteria. These bacteria are classified into the Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Chlorobi, and Chloroflexi lineages, each with distinct physiological and ecological adaptations.Purple sulfur bacteria belong to the...
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Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Quorum Sensing in a Methane-Oxidizing Bacterium.

Aaron W Puri1, Amy L Schaefer2, Yanfen Fu3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA awpuri@uw.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology
|December 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We identified a quorum sensing system in the methane-oxidizing bacterium Methylobacter tundripaludum, revealing molecular details of its cellular communication and ecological role in methane sequestration.

Keywords:
acyl-homoserine lactonebiosynthetic gene clustermethanemethanotrophquorum sensingsociomicrobiology

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Aerobic methanotrophic bacteria are crucial for consuming methane, a potent greenhouse gas, in freshwater ecosystems.
  • Understanding their molecular interactions is key to comprehending their ecological function.
  • Quorum sensing (QS) is a common bacterial communication system regulating gene expression based on cell density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a QS system in the aerobic methanotroph Methylobacter tundripaludum.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of QS-mediated gene regulation in this bacterium.
  • To understand the ecological implications of QS in methane-oxidizing communities.

Main Methods:

  • Genome analysis to identify QS system components.
  • Chemical analysis to determine the autoinducer molecule produced (N-3-hydroxydecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone).
  • Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify QS-regulated genes.
  • Detection of QS-dependent extracellular factors.

Main Results:

  • A QS system was identified in Methylobacter tundripaludum, primarily producing N-3-hydroxydecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (3-OH-C10-HSL) via a positive feedback loop.
  • QS regulates the expression of a putative nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene cluster.
  • A QS-dependent extracellular factor was detected, indicating cell-to-cell communication.

Conclusions:

  • This study identifies and characterizes a novel quorum sensing system in an aerobic methanotrophic bacterium.
  • The findings provide molecular insights into cellular communication in Methylobacter tundripaludum.
  • Understanding this QS system is important for appreciating the ecological role of methanotrophs in methane cycling.