Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

8.0K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
8.0K
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

13.6K
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
13.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: KAP1-associated transcriptional inhibitory complex regulates C2C12 myoblasts differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis via miR-133a repression.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same author

Deciphering potential significances of biliary microbiome in cholelithiasis and cholangiocarcinoma.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek·2026
Same author

Mitochondrial CircRNA CircMT-RNR2 Safeguards Antioxidant Defense to Support Fibroblast Functions in Wound Repair.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Collaborative Duality of CircGLIS3(2) RNA and Protein in human Wound Repair.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Elucidating the prognostic and therapeutic significance of TOP2A in various malignancies.

Cancer genetics·2024
Same author

Circular RNA circASH1L(4,5) protects microRNA-129-5p from target-directed microRNA degradation in human skin wound healing.

The British journal of dermatology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Preparation of Primary Myogenic Precursor Cell/Myoblast Cultures from Basal Vertebrate Lineages
07:51

Preparation of Primary Myogenic Precursor Cell/Myoblast Cultures from Basal Vertebrate Lineages

Published on: April 30, 2014

21.2K

Identifying suitable reference genes for gene expression analysis in developing skeletal muscle in pigs.

Guanglin Niu1,2, Yalan Yang1,2, YuanYuan Zhang1

  • 1The Key Laboratory for Domestic Animal Genetic Resources and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.

Peerj
|December 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Identifying stable reference genes is key for accurate gene expression analysis in developing skeletal muscle. API5 and H3F3 demonstrated the highest expression stability across prenatal and postnatal stages, making them ideal for normalization.

Keywords:
DevelopmentExpression analysisReference geneSkeletal muscle

More Related Videos

Cryosectioning of Contiguous Regions of a Single Mouse Skeletal Muscle for Gene Expression and Histological Analyses
08:17

Cryosectioning of Contiguous Regions of a Single Mouse Skeletal Muscle for Gene Expression and Histological Analyses

Published on: December 12, 2016

16.7K
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos
11:02

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos

Published on: April 29, 2011

18.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Preparation of Primary Myogenic Precursor Cell/Myoblast Cultures from Basal Vertebrate Lineages
07:51

Preparation of Primary Myogenic Precursor Cell/Myoblast Cultures from Basal Vertebrate Lineages

Published on: April 30, 2014

21.2K
Cryosectioning of Contiguous Regions of a Single Mouse Skeletal Muscle for Gene Expression and Histological Analyses
08:17

Cryosectioning of Contiguous Regions of a Single Mouse Skeletal Muscle for Gene Expression and Histological Analyses

Published on: December 12, 2016

16.7K
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos
11:02

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos

Published on: April 29, 2011

18.6K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Accurate gene expression analysis relies on stable reference genes for normalization.
  • Commonly used reference genes exhibit variable expression in developing skeletal muscle.
  • Systematic evaluation of reference gene stability across mammalian prenatal and postnatal skeletal muscle development is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the expression stability of 15 candidate reference genes in porcine skeletal muscle during prenatal and postnatal development.
  • To identify the most suitable reference genes for accurate gene expression normalization in developing skeletal muscle.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative PCR was used to assess the expression levels of 15 candidate reference genes.
  • Gene expression stability was evaluated using geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper algorithms.
  • Analysis covered 26 developmental stages of porcine skeletal muscle (15 prenatal, 11 postnatal).

Main Results:

  • GAPDH and ACTB showed the highest variability across all developmental stages.
  • RPS18, API5, and VAPB were stable during prenatal development.
  • API5, RPS18, RPL32, and H3F3 were stable during postnatal development.
  • API5 and H3F3 exhibited the greatest overall stability and are recommended for normalization.

Conclusions:

  • API5 and H3F3 are the most appropriate reference genes for normalizing gene expression in developing skeletal muscle.
  • This study provides essential data for gene expression analysis in mammalian skeletal muscle development.
  • Findings can guide research on human skeletal muscle diseases.