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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

105
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
105
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

80
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
80
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

321
Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
321
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

306
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
306
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

84
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
84

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

An Alternative and Validated Injection Method for Accessing the Subretinal Space via a Transcleral Posterior Approach
07:13

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[Aflibercept: focus on tolerability.]

Alberto Zaniboni1

  • 1UO di Oncologia, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia.

Recenti Progressi in Medicina
|December 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Aflibercept plus FOLFIRI is used for metastatic colorectal cancer. This summary provides practical strategies to reduce side effects in patients receiving this treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Aflibercept is an antiangiogenic agent with antitumor activity.
  • It is used with FOLFIRI for second-line metastatic colorectal cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To suggest practical measures for minimizing toxicity.
  • Focus on real-world patient management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical data and treatment guidelines.
  • Identification of common toxicities associated with Aflibercept and FOLFIRI.

Main Results:

  • Key toxicities include hypertension, bleeding, and gastrointestinal issues.
  • Proactive monitoring and management strategies are crucial.

Conclusions:

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  • Implementing practical measures can mitigate Aflibercept/FOLFIRI toxicity.
  • Optimizing patient care improves outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer.