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Related Concept Videos

Bending of Material: Problem Solving01:09

Bending of Material: Problem Solving

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In this lesson, determine the ratio of the maximum bending moments applied to two metal pipes, given that both pipes can withstand a maximum stress of 100 MPa. Both pipes have an outer radius of 1.8 cm. Pipe A has an inner radius of 1.5 cm, and Pipe B has an inner radius of 1 cm. The ratio of the maximum bending moment applied to two metallic pipes, each with a different inner and outer radius, is determined by considering their dimensions. The inner radius of the first pipe is 1.5 cm, and for...
617
Unsymmetric Bending01:18

Unsymmetric Bending

917
Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from those in symmetrical bending, and are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions. In unsymmetrical bending, the neutral axis—where stress is zero—does not necessarily align with the geometric axes of the cross-section. The...
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Bending and Torsional Moments01:20

Bending and Torsional Moments

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Bending and torsional moments are two fundamental concepts in structural engineering. They play an important role in understanding the behavior of materials and structures under different loading conditions.
The reaction developed in a structural element when subjected to an external force causes the element to bend. When a structural element bends upwards, it creates compressive normal forces on the top and tensile normal forces on the bottom, resulting in a couple that determines the bending...
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Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

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When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
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Bending of Members Made of Several Materials01:11

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

661
In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each material's...
661
Bending of Curved Members - Neutral Surface01:16

Bending of Curved Members - Neutral Surface

568
In curved beams, unlike straight beams, the stress distribution across the cross-section is not uniform due to the beam's curvature. This non-uniformity arises because the neutral axis, where stress is zero, does not align with the centroid of the section. In a curved beam, the strain varies along the section as a function of the distance from the neutral axis.
Consider the curved member described in the previous lesson. According to Hooke's law, which relates stress to strain within the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery
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A plant-inspired robot with soft differential bending capabilities.

A Sadeghi1, A Mondini, E Del Dottore

  • 1Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Pontedera, Pisa I-56025, Italy.

Bioinspiration & Biomimetics
|December 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

We developed Plantoid, a robot with plant-inspired roots that sense and bend like natural ones. This technology enables tropic behaviors for environmental exploration and soil monitoring applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomimetic robotics
  • Robotics engineering
  • Environmental sensing technologies

Background:

  • Natural plant roots exhibit multi-sensing capabilities and soft bending behaviors (tropisms) in response to environmental cues.
  • Existing robotic systems often lack the compliance and integrated sensing found in biological root systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and develop a plant-inspired robot, Plantoid, featuring robotic roots with integrated sensing and soft bending capabilities.
  • To emulate tropic behaviors observed in natural roots using a root-inspired control algorithm.
  • To explore potential applications in soil monitoring and environmental exploration.

Main Methods:

  • Development of soft spring-based actuation (SSBA) systems using helical springs for compliant power transmission in robotic roots.
  • Integration of four distinct sensors at each robotic root tip: custom flexible touch, innovative humidity, commercial gravity, and temperature sensors.
  • Implementation of a root-inspired control algorithm to process sensor data and achieve tropic behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Successful integration of SSBA systems enabling soft, compliant bending in robotic roots.
  • Demonstration of tropic behaviors driven by embedded sensor data and the control algorithm.
  • Validation of the multi-sensor system for environmental parameter detection.

Conclusions:

  • Plantoid successfully mimics natural root tropisms through its sensorized, soft-bending robotic roots.
  • The developed technology holds promise for advanced soil monitoring, agricultural applications, and environmental exploration.
  • Biomimetic design principles offer effective solutions for complex robotic sensing and actuation challenges.