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The enemy within: phloem-limited pathogens.

Claire Bendix1, Jennifer D Lewis1,2

  • 1United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA.

Molecular Plant Pathology
|December 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phloem-limited pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, cause significant crop damage. This review explores their unique adaptations and common virulence strategies to aid in developing effective disease management.

Keywords:
bacteriainsect vectorpathogenphloem limitedphytoplasmaspiroplasmavirus

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Microbiology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Phloem-limited pathogens cause substantial losses in high-value crops.
  • Many of these pathogens remain poorly characterized, hindering effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review phloem-limited pathogens, including intracellular bacteria and viruses.
  • To highlight commonalities in their virulence strategies and adaptations to the phloem environment.
  • To stimulate discussion for developing widely applicable disease management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on phloem-limited pathogens.
  • Case studies of specific pathogens: Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Arsenophonus, Serratia marcescens, Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris, Spiroplasma kunkelii, Potato leafroll virus, and Citrus tristeza virus.
  • Analysis of pathogen characteristics, including genome size and metabolic gene content.

Main Results:

  • Phloem-limited pathogens exhibit small genomes and reduced metabolic capabilities, adapted to the phloem environment.
  • Diverse pathogen types (bacteria with/without cell walls, viruses) share common disease mechanisms.
  • Specific examples illustrate varied impacts on crops like citrus and cucurbits.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding shared virulence strategies is key to managing diverse phloem-limited pathogens.
  • Further research into these commonalities may lead to broad-spectrum disease control methods.
  • This review provides a foundation for future investigations into phloem-limited plant diseases.