Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Blue Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) for Analysis of Multiprotein Complexes from Cellular Lysates
Published on: February 24, 2011
A high pH discontinuous buffer system for resolution of isozymes in starch gel electrophoresis
1Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract:
A Tris-citrate pH 9.5 gel/borate pH 8.2 electrode discontinuous buffer system for starch gel electrophoresis of proteins was developed to resolve iso- and allozymes of aspartate aminotransferase in frogs (Hyla crucifer). This buffer system also enhanced resolution of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase and the L-lactate dehydrogenase-A locus in this species. It provided good resolution of NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase in esocid fishes, and esterases, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and S-aconitate hydratase in ambystomatid salamanders. Variation suppressed by other buffers was revealed by this buffer for some enzyme encoding loci, while at other loci, this buffer suppressed electromorph variability. The concentration of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane in gels made with this buffer was much higher than in pH 8.7 "Poulik" gels, but running characteristics of the two gel types were similar. Gels made with this new buffer were less prone to splitting and "warping" than Poulik gels, and were easier to handle. When screening a given taxon for enzyme variability, tests using multiple buffers are essential to maximize the amount of electrophoretically detectable variation.
Related Concept Videos
DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
Gel extraction follows five major steps: running gel electrophoresis to separate fragments, isolating the individual bands, extracting DNA from those bands, and removing the dye and salts from the extracted mixture to obtain pure DNA.
In cloning experiments, both the insert and vector DNA...
SDS-PAGE
A variation of gel electrophoresis, termed polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), is commonly used for separating proteins according to their molecular size by passing them through a polyacrylamide gel. Because of the varying charges associated with amino acid side chains, PAGE can be used to separate intact proteins...
Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such as cells...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

