Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.0K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.0K
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

541
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
541
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

63.3K
Overview
63.3K
Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

8.5K
Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation....
8.5K
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

17.9K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
17.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

IL-21 rs2055979 and serum IL-21 levels are associated with both non-segmental and segmental vitiligo in an Iranian cohort.

BMC immunology·2026
Same author

Assessing The Effectiveness of Growth Hormone Releasing Protein-6 in Improving Human Oocyte Maturation and Meiotic Progression in <i>In Vitro</i> Maturation Culture Media.

International journal of fertility & sterility·2025
Same author

Induction of Regulatory T Cells After Virus Infection and Vaccination.

Immunology·2025
Same author

Scaling Autologous Epidermal Cell Therapies: iPSC-Derived Keratinocytes and In Vivo Chimerism for Skin Regeneration.

Experimental dermatology·2025
Same author

Editorial: Pathogen-induced immunosenescence: where do vaccines stand?

Frontiers in aging·2025
Same author

mTOR gene variant rs2295080 might be a risk factor for atherosclerosis in Iranian women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BMC endocrine disorders·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

16.5K

Resting and Activated Natural Tregs Decrease in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Atherosclerosis.

Mohammadreza Yazdani1, Shahdad Khosropanah, Ahmad Hosseini

  • 1Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Immunology : IJI
|December 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Atherosclerosis patients show reduced natural regulatory T-cell (nTreg) subsets and lower Foxp3/TGF-β gene expression compared to healthy individuals. These changes suggest a more inflammatory lymphocyte profile in atherosclerosis.

More Related Videos

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&#239;ve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

25.0K
Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
07:17

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice

Published on: June 22, 2016

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

16.5K
Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&#239;ve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

25.0K
Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
07:17

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice

Published on: June 22, 2016

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Disease

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory arterial disease.
  • CD4+ T cells influence atherosclerosis progression.
  • CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) appear protective, with reduced numbers observed in acute coronary syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency of natural regulatory T-cell (nTreg) subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Angiography confirmed atherosclerosis in 13 patients and 13 controls.
  • Peripheral blood was analyzed for lipid profiles, RNA, and immunophenotyping using real-time PCR and flow cytometry.
  • Mononuclear cells were isolated for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Patients with atherosclerosis had lower frequencies of resting (CD4+CD45RO-CD25+Foxp3lo) and activated (CD4+CD45RO+CD25hiFoxp3hi) nTregs compared to controls.
  • An increase in effector/memory T-cells (CD4+CD25+CD45RO+Foxp3-) was observed in patients.
  • Reduced gene expression of Foxp3 and TGF-β was found in patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Conclusions:

  • Atherosclerosis is associated with decreased resting and activated nTregs.
  • Reduced Foxp3 and TGF-β gene expression in patients suggests altered nTreg function.
  • These phenotypic changes may correlate with an increased inflammatory profile in lymphocytes of atherosclerosis patients.