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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Degradable fluorescent single-chain nanoparticles based on metathesis polymers.

Janin T Offenloch1, Johannes Willenbacher1, Pavleta Tzvetkova2

  • 1Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany and Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany. hatice.mutlu@kit.edu christopher.barner-kowollik@kit.edu.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|December 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

We developed a simple method to create fluorescent single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) using special polymers. These nanoparticles collapse upon UV light exposure, offering new possibilities for materials science.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) are advanced polymer structures with unique properties.
  • Developing facile synthesis methods for functional SCNPs is crucial for their application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a straightforward synthesis of fluorescent single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs).
  • To utilize self-immolative azobenzene motifs for controlled polymer collapse.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymers incorporating azobenzene units.
  • Electrophilic alkoxyetherification to introduce photoreactive moieties.
  • UV-induced nitrile imine-mediated tetrazole-ene cycloaddition (NITEC) for chain collapse.

Main Results:

  • Successful facile synthesis of fluorescent SCNPs.
  • Demonstration of chain collapse triggered by UV light via NITEC reaction.
  • Azobenzene motifs enable self-immolation and controlled nanoparticle formation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides efficient access to fluorescent SCNPs.
  • The photoreactive azobenzene units allow for controlled nanoparticle assembly and disassembly.
  • This work opens avenues for novel smart materials and drug delivery systems.