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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Bite force production and the origin of <i>Homo</i>.

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Corrigendum to "Biomechanics of the mandible of Macaca mulatta during the power stroke of mastication: Loading, deformation, and strain regimes and the impact of food type" [Journal of Human Evolution 147 (2020) 102865].

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Mechanical compensation in the evolution of the early hominin feeding apparatus.

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Biomechanics of the mandible of Macaca mulatta during the power stroke of mastication: Loading, deformation, and strain regimes and the impact of food type.

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Two distalization methods compared in a novel patient-specific finite element analysis.

American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·2019
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Masticatory properties in pre-modern Holocene populations from Northern China.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
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Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla

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Evolution of the Jugal/Zygomatic Bones.

Paul C Dechow1, Qian Wang1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas.

Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|December 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study explores the evolution and variation of the zygoma (cheek bone) in vertebrates, including human evolution and modern human diversity. Findings offer insights into craniofacial development and phylogenetic relationships.

Keywords:
adaptationanatomycraniofacial bonesevolutionmidface

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Paleontology

Background:

  • The zygoma, or cheek bone, is a critical component of the craniofacial skeleton, linking midfacial and cranial structures.
  • It serves as an attachment site for masticatory and facial muscles and acts as a buttress against chewing forces.
  • The zygoma holds significance in phylogenetic analyses and aesthetic facial appearance.

Discussion:

  • This issue presents studies on the evolutionary history of the zygoma across vertebrates, with a focus on human evolution.
  • Articles examine variations in the zygoma among modern human populations.
  • The findings contribute to understanding craniofacial development and evolutionary adaptations.

Key Insights:

  • The zygoma's structure reflects functional demands, such as mastication, and plays a role in evolutionary adaptations.
  • Comparative studies reveal evolutionary trends in zygomatic morphology across diverse vertebrate lineages.
  • Analysis of modern human zygoma variation highlights population-specific adaptations and genetic influences.

Outlook:

  • Further research can integrate developmental biology with evolutionary data to elucidate zygoma formation.
  • Investigating the genetic basis of zygomatic variation can inform our understanding of human diversity.
  • Comparative anatomical studies across a wider range of vertebrates will refine phylogenetic interpretations.