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Related Experiment Video

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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Environment-Related Variation in the Human Mid-Face.

Yaming Cui1, Sébastien Leclercq2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China.

Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|December 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Human mid-facial morphology adapts to non-polar climates, particularly temperature and sunlight. Temperate and tropical environments are linked to smaller zygomatic bones and more triangular nasal apertures in diverse populations.

Keywords:
climateevolutionfunctionmid-facezygoma

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Area of Science:

  • Human evolutionary biology
  • Biological anthropology
  • Paleoclimatology

Background:

  • Previous research indicates human nasal morphology adapts to extreme cold.
  • Adaptation of other mid-facial regions to non-polar climates remains less understood.
  • Investigating independent adaptation of mid-facial features to diverse climates is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine associations between climatic variables and mid-facial shape in human populations.
  • To determine if zygomatic, nasal, and alveolar regions adapt independently to climate.
  • To understand the impact of climate on human mid-facial morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mid-facial morphology (total shape, zygomatic, nasal, alveolar) in 14 human populations.
  • Correlation analysis with climatic variables (temperature, sunshine exposure, atmospheric pressure).
  • Consideration of genetic distance between populations using partial least squares analysis.

Main Results:

  • Initially, all mid-facial aspects correlated with climate variables.
  • After accounting for genetic distance, zygomatic and nasal morphology correlated with temperature.
  • Nasal and alveolar morphology correlated with sunshine exposure; alveolar morphology showed an artificial correlation with atmospheric pressure.
  • Tropical/subtropical climates associated with smaller zygomatic bones and more triangular nasal apertures compared to temperate climates.

Conclusions:

  • Human mid-facial morphology, specifically zygomatic and nasal regions, shows adaptation to temperate and tropical climates.
  • Temperature and sunlight exposure appear to be key drivers of these adaptations.
  • Mid-facial features exhibit independent adaptive responses to varying climatic conditions.