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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
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Vitamin D : Autoimmunity and Gender.

Clara Crescioli1, Salvatore Minisola2

  • 1Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome. Italy.

Current Medicinal Chemistry
|December 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin D may offer therapeutic benefits for autoimmune diseases, particularly when considering gender-specific factors and interactions with sex hormones like estrogens. Understanding these differences is key for developing effective vitamin D therapies.

Keywords:
Vitamin Dautoimmunitygenderpersonalized medicinesex hormonestherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for autoimmune diseases.
  • Autoimmune diseases exhibit a female bias, potentially linked to sex hormone influences on immune systems.
  • Estrogens may enhance female immunoreactivity, increasing autoimmunity risk, while androgens might promote immunosuppression in males.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases, focusing on gender-specific differences.
  • To explore the interplay between vitamin D and sex hormones, particularly estrogens, in autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on vitamin D, sex hormones, and autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of gender-related immune system variations and their impact on vitamin D efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D may exert beneficial effects on autoimmune processes, especially when acting in synergy with estrogens.
  • The efficacy of vitamin D in autoimmune conditions appears context-dependent, influenced by factors like gender and hormonal status.

Conclusions:

  • Gender-dependent factors influencing vitamin D action are critical, rather than absolute vitamin D levels.
  • Incorporating gender and sex hormones as variables is essential for evaluating vitamin D receptor agonists as potential treatments for autoimmune diseases.