Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
Published on: November 27, 2019
Two sulfonate metabolites of physalin A in rats
Hongxia Liu1,2, Kai Wang1, Guiyang Xia1,2
1a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China.
Abstract:
1. Physalin A is a bioactive withanolide isolated from the natural plant Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii (Solanaceae), a common traditional Chinese herbal medicine. This study aims to investigate the metabolites of physalin A in vivo. 2. Two metabolites (M1 and M2) were characterized as sulfonate metabolites in the feces obtained from rats treated with physalin A orally at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day for 3 days, by application of a UPLC-Q/TOF-MS method. Furthermore, formation of the two sulfonate metabolites was verified by chemical synthesis and NMR, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR and two-dimensional NMR. The structures of M1 and M2 were identified to be 3α-sulfo-2,25β,27-trihydrophysalin A and 3α,27-disulfo-2,25α-dihydrophysalin A, respectively. 3. In summary, this study indicated that physalin A could be biotransformed to sulfonate metabolites with strong polarity, which contributed to the elimination of physalin A. A rare metabolic pathway has been revealed in this study.
Related Concept Videos
Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
Sulfur Assimilation
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
Phase II Reactions: Glucuronidation

