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Missing paternal data and adverse birth outcomes in Canada.

Gabriel D Shapiro1, Tracey Bushnik2, Amanda J Sheppard3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.

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|December 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Missing paternal information on birth records is linked to higher risks of adverse birth outcomes, including stillbirth and infant mortality. This finding highlights the importance of paternal factors in prenatal health.

Keywords:
Birth certificatesfetal deathinfant mortalitymedical record linkagepremature infantsmall-for-gestational-age infantstillbirth

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Perinatal Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Maternal characteristics are primary focus in birth outcome research.
  • Paternal factors' role in birth outcomes is understudied.
  • Missing paternal data may indicate increased risk for adverse birth outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the association between missing paternal information and adverse birth outcomes.
  • Determine if missing paternal data is an independent risk marker for poor birth outcomes.
  • Quantify the risk of preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age birth, stillbirth, and infant mortality associated with absent paternal data.

Main Methods:

  • Linked Canadian birth and death registration data with 2006 census data for 135,285 singleton births.
  • Used log-binomial and binomial regression to estimate relative risks and risk differences.
  • Controlled for maternal age, education, income, parity, marital status, ethnicity, and birthplace.

Main Results:

  • Missing paternal data on birth registration (4.6%) was associated with increased risks.
  • Adjusted relative risks: 1.12 for preterm birth, 1.15 for small-for-gestational-age birth, 1.86 for stillbirth, and 1.53 for infant mortality.
  • Findings were consistent across different definitions of missing paternal information.

Conclusions:

  • Missing paternal data serves as a significant marker for elevated risk of adverse birth outcomes.
  • This association persists independently of maternal characteristics.
  • Emphasizes the need to consider paternal factors in assessing and improving birth outcomes.