Drug-induced ototoxicity: Mechanisms, Pharmacogenetics, and protective strategies

Area of Science:

• Ototoxicology
• Pharmacology
• Audiology

Background:

• Drug ototoxicity significantly impacts patient quality of life, with severe psychosocial implications for children.
• While some drug-induced ototoxicity is reversible, platinum derivatives and aminoglycosides are known to cause permanent hearing loss.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and list drugs known to cause ototoxicity.
• To elucidate the mechanisms by which these drugs damage auditory structures.
• To discuss protective strategies and early detection methods for ototoxic effects.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of ototoxic drugs and their effects.
• Analysis of mechanisms underlying drug-induced ototoxicity.
• Compilation of current protective and diagnostic approaches.

Main Results:

• Identification of key ototoxic drug classes, including platinum derivatives and aminoglycosides.
• Detailed explanation of cellular and molecular mechanisms of ototoxicity.
• Overview of potential interventions and monitoring techniques.

Conclusions:

• Understanding ototoxic mechanisms is crucial for mitigating hearing loss.
• Proactive strategies and early detection are vital for managing drug-induced ototoxicity.
• This review provides a comprehensive resource for clinicians and researchers.