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Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Isolation of Murine Lymph Node Stromal Cells
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Immune Cell Intolerance for Excess Cholesterol.

Scott B Widenmaier1, Gökhan S Hotamışlıgil2

  • 1Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Immunity
|December 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Defects in cholesterol metabolism within immune cells impair antigen presentation. This finding links metabolic challenges to the development of autoimmune diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic pathways
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Chronic metabolic challenges pose significant risks to physiological systems.
  • Immune cell function is intricately linked to metabolic health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cholesterol metabolism in immune cells.
  • To determine the impact of metabolic defects on immune cell function and autoimmune disease development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cholesterol metabolism in CD11c-positive (CD11c+) immune cells.
  • Assessment of antigen presentation capabilities.
  • Evaluation of autoimmune disease phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Defects in cholesterol metabolism were identified in CD11c+ immune cells.
  • Impaired antigen presentation was observed in these cells.
  • A correlation between metabolic defects and autoimmune disease was established.

Conclusions:

  • Cholesterol metabolism is crucial for proper immune cell function, specifically antigen presentation.
  • Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism in immune cells can precipitate autoimmune conditions.