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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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DNMT3A in Leukemia.

Lorenzo Brunetti1,2,3, Michael C Gundry1,2,4, Margaret A Goodell1,2,3,5

  • 1Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|December 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA methylation, regulated by DNMT3A, is crucial in development and cancer. Mutations in DNMT3A are early events in hematologic neoplasms, impacting prognosis and offering therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism influencing development, aging, and cancer.
  • While DNA methylation's role in gene expression is known, its direct link to tumorigenesis is unclear.
  • The de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A is frequently mutated in hematologic neoplasms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the biology of DNMT3A and its role in hematopoietic stem cell regulation.
  • To review the contribution of mutant DNMT3A to leukemogenesis.
  • To explore the clinical relevance of DNMT3A mutations in hematologic cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of DNMT3A biology and mutations.
  • Analysis of existing data on DNMT3A's role in stem cell fate.
  • Review of clinical studies linking DNMT3A mutations to hematologic cancer prognosis.

Main Results:

  • DNMT3A mutations are early events in cancer development.
  • Mutant DNMT3A appears to confer a poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients.
  • DNMT3A plays a critical role in controlling hematopoietic stem cell fate.

Conclusions:

  • DNMT3A mutations are significant in hematologic neoplasms, affecting prognosis.
  • Understanding DNMT3A's function and mutation impact is vital for developing new cancer therapies.
  • DNMT3A is a promising therapeutic target for hematologic malignancies.