Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Motor Units00:46

Motor Units

62.4K
A motor unit consists of two main components: a single efferent motor neuron (i.e., a neuron that carries impulses away from the central nervous system) and all of the muscle fibers it innervates. The motor neuron may innervate multiple muscle fibers, which are single cells, but only one motor neuron innervates a single muscle fiber.
62.4K
Motor Units01:13

Motor Units

9.1K
The motor unit is a fundamental component of the neuromuscular system and plays a crucial role in coordinating muscle contractions. It consists of a somatic motor neuron, which connects and controls multiple skeletal muscle fibers, forming a single functional segment. The axon of the motor neuron branches out and establishes synaptic connections known as neuromuscular junctions with individual muscle fibers within the motor unit.
Motor units come in different sizes, with smaller units...
9.1K
Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

5.0K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
5.0K
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

2.3K
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
2.3K
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

6.6K
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
6.6K
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

2.1K
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Integration of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain and Cortical Dysfunction Improves Diagnostic Accuracy in ALS.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same author

Austin Sumner 1938-2025.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Application of a Clinical-Electrophysiological Model for Identifying Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy in an Australian Cohort.

Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS·2026
Same author

Cohort profile: the Resilient Minds national study of mental health and cognitive resilience in community dwelling adults aged 18 to 93.

Frontiers in digital health·2026
Same author

Measurement properties of the Inflammatory Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale (I-RODS) in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Dynamics of Nerve Conduction Studies in Patients With Guillain-Barré Syndrome.

Muscle & nerve·2026
Same journal

Diagnostic accuracy of a two-cut-off approach using the FAQ/MMSE ratio and FAQ for clinical preselection of patients for anti-amyloid therapy.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Cancer risk and mortality in patients with multiple sclerosis in Finland: a retrospective population-based cohort study.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Visuospatial working memory in Huntington's disease: behavioural and structural brain correlates.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Characteristics and outcomes in electric scooter-related traumatic brain injuries in Helsinki.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Chronological ageing and ovarian reserve in MS: insights from anti-Müllerian hormone and disability progression.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Durable fluoropolymer drug-eluting stent versus bare-metal stent for the prevention of intracranial in-stent restenosis.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

ALS - Motor Neuron Disease: Mechanism and Development of New Therapies
15:48

ALS - Motor Neuron Disease: Mechanism and Development of New Therapies

Published on: July 29, 2007

10.1K

Differentiating lower motor neuron syndromes.

Nidhi Garg1, Susanna B Park1, Steve Vucic2

  • 1Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|December 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lower motor neuron (LMN) syndromes cause muscle weakness and wasting. This review covers hereditary and immune-mediated causes of LMN syndromes in adults, aiding clinical assessment.

Keywords:
GENETICSMOTOR NEURON DISEASENEUROIMMUNOLOGYNEUROPATHYNEUROPHYSIOLOGY

More Related Videos

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
08:16

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: March 4, 2014

33.4K
Conversion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs into Functional Spinal and Cranial Motor Neurons Using PiggyBac Vectors
07:33

Conversion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs into Functional Spinal and Cranial Motor Neurons Using PiggyBac Vectors

Published on: May 1, 2019

12.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

ALS - Motor Neuron Disease: Mechanism and Development of New Therapies
15:48

ALS - Motor Neuron Disease: Mechanism and Development of New Therapies

Published on: July 29, 2007

10.1K
Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
08:16

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: March 4, 2014

33.4K
Conversion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs into Functional Spinal and Cranial Motor Neurons Using PiggyBac Vectors
07:33

Conversion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs into Functional Spinal and Cranial Motor Neurons Using PiggyBac Vectors

Published on: May 1, 2019

12.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Lower motor neuron (LMN) syndromes manifest as muscle wasting and weakness.
  • Pathology can affect the distal motor nerve up to the anterior horn cell.
  • Recognizing LMN syndromes is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of adult-onset LMN syndromes.
  • To provide a clinical assessment framework for LMN features.
  • To highlight hereditary and immune-mediated etiologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of LMN syndromes.
  • Analysis of hereditary causes (e.g., spinal muscular atrophy).
  • Review of immune-mediated disorders (e.g., multifocal motor neuropathy).

Main Results:

  • Identification of numerous disease-causing mutations through genetic advances.
  • Immune-mediated disorders represent a significant portion of LMN presentations.
  • Effective treatments are available for immune-mediated LMN syndromes.

Conclusions:

  • Adult LMN syndromes encompass diverse hereditary and immune-mediated conditions.
  • A structured approach aids in diagnosing LMN syndromes.
  • Understanding the etiology guides therapeutic strategies for LMN disorders.