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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
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The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
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Fetal Valproate Syndrome with Limb Defects: An Indian Case Report.

Manisha Goyal1, Ashok Gupta1, Manish Sharma2

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Summary

Valproic acid exposure during pregnancy can cause Fetal Valproate Syndrome (FVS), leading to birth defects. This case highlights FVS with limb malformations in an Indian infant.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Teratology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder.
  • Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used during pregnancy pose teratogenic risks.
  • Older AEDs like valproate and phenobarbital carry higher risks than newer agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of Fetal Valproate Syndrome (FVS) in an Indian infant.
  • To highlight the association between first-trimester valproic acid exposure and major limb defects.

Main Methods:

  • Case report presentation.
  • Clinical assessment and diagnostic evaluation of FVS.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with Fetal Valproate Syndrome (FVS).
  • Major limb defects were a significant feature of the syndrome in this case.
  • Typical FVS features including facial dysmorphia and developmental delay were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Valproic acid exposure in early pregnancy can lead to FVS with diverse malformations.
  • Limb defects are a notable manifestation of FVS.
  • This case underscores the importance of counseling regarding AED use in pregnancy.