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Assessment of urinary microparticles in normotensive patients with type 1 diabetes

Yuliya Lytvyn1, Fengxia Xiao2, Christopher R J Kennedy2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Diabetologia
|December 23, 2016
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Urinary podocyte microparticles (MPs) are elevated in type 1 diabetes even before other signs of kidney damage appear. Acute high blood sugar also increases these podocyte MPs, suggesting they are an early biomarker for glomerular injury.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Diabetology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Urinary extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microparticles (MPs), are promising for non-invasive renal injury detection.
  • Previous research indicated increased podocyte-derived MPs in diabetic mice before albuminuria onset.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if type 1 diabetes and acute hyperglycemia increase urinary podocyte MP levels in uncomplicated diabetes.
  • To assess podocyte MPs as an early biomarker of glomerular injury.

Main Methods:

  • Post hoc analysis of archived urine samples from normoalbuminuric patients with type 1 diabetes under clamped euglycemia and hyperglycemia, compared to healthy controls.
  • Assessment of urinary vesicles using electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking.
  • Quantification of podocyte MPs via flow cytometry.

Main Results:

  • Urinary podocyte MP levels were significantly higher in type 1 diabetes patients compared to healthy controls.
  • Podocyte MP levels increased further during acute hyperglycemia compared to euglycemia.
  • No significant changes were observed in vesicle size, total vesicle number, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, or nephrin levels.

Conclusions:

  • Urinary podocyte MPs are elevated in type 1 diabetes preceding other established biomarkers of podocyte injury.
  • Podocyte MPs may serve as an early, non-invasive biomarker for glomerular injury in uncomplicated type 1 diabetes.
Keywords:
AlbuminuriaBiomarkerDiabetesExtracellular vesicleHyperglycaemiaMicroparticleMicrovesiclePodocyte

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