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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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[Common variable immunodeficiency in adults].

N V Shabashova1, L V Filippova1, A E Uchevatkina1

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Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) often presents subtly in adults over 40. Early recognition of immune impairment signs by various specialists can expedite diagnosis and treatment, preventing severe complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency disease.
  • Diagnosis is often delayed, impacting patient outcomes.
  • Early clinical signs can be recognized by various medical specialists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze CVID cases in adult outpatients.
  • To highlight the importance of early recognition and diagnosis.
  • To emphasize the need for clinical immunologists in adult healthcare.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 7 CVID cases in outpatients over 40.
  • Review of patient history, clinical findings, and immunological studies (T and B cell function, phagocytes, immunoglobulin levels).
  • Evaluation of early signs observed by physicians across specialties.

Main Results:

  • All analyzed CVID cases were diagnosed in outpatients over 40.
  • Early signs of immune impairment were noted by various specialists.
  • Generalizing patient information could facilitate earlier immunoglobulin level testing.

Conclusions:

  • Physicians possess partial awareness of immunodeficiency signs.
  • There is a critical need for clinical immunologists in adult healthcare.
  • Timely CVID diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and prevention of chronic lung disease and disability.