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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

300
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
300
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

289
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
289
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
971
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

307
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
307

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Retroperitoneal Approach for Necrotizing Pancreatitis
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Age and Its Impact on Outcomes with Intra-Abdominal Infection.

Drew Farmer1,2, Jeffrey M Tessier2, James M Sanders2

  • 11 Baylor University Medical Center , Dallas, Texas.

Surgical Infections
|December 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Advanced age did not independently predict adverse outcomes in complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs). While older patients had different infection sources, treatment and outcomes like surgical site infection and recurrent infection were similar, suggesting age alone doesn't alter cIAI treatment tactics.

Keywords:
abdominal infectionantibiotic prophylaxisantibiotic therapyclinical trialsepsis

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Retroperitoneal Approach for Necrotizing Pancreatitis
03:42

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Published on: March 15, 2024

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Surgical Outcomes
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Age is a significant factor in complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs).
  • The Study to Optimize Peritoneal Infection Therapy (STOP-IT) trial did not previously investigate age-related outcomes.
  • Understanding age's impact on cIAI prognosis is crucial for tailored patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the correlation between patient age and outcomes following therapy for cIAIs.
  • To determine if age is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in cIAI patients.
  • To assess if treatment strategies need modification based on patient age.

Main Methods:

  • Post hoc analysis of the STOP-IT trial database.
  • Patients stratified into two groups: <65 years and ≥65 years.
  • Primary outcomes included surgical site infection (SSI), recurrent IAI (recIAI), and death; multivariable analysis was used.

Main Results:

  • Older patients (≥65 years) had higher rates of colon/rectum and biliary tree infections.
  • Death was more prevalent in the older group (3.3% vs. 0.3%, p=0.01).
  • SSI, recIAI, and composite outcomes were similar between age groups, and age was not an independent predictor.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced age was associated with different infection sources but not worse overall outcomes for cIAIs.
  • Patient age did not independently predict adverse outcomes in cIAIs.
  • Current treatment tactics for cIAIs do not require alteration based solely on patient age.