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Related Concept Videos

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The uterus, commonly called the womb, is a vital reproductive organ in females designed to provide a nurturing environment for the implantation and growth of an embryo. It is shaped like a hollow pear and positioned between the urinary bladder and the rectum. The uterus's structure allows it to support and protect a developing fetus throughout pregnancy.
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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
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The vulva encompasses the external structures of the female reproductive system. At the forefront is the monpubis, a cushion of fatty tissue atop the pubic bone. Once puberty sets in, this area typically grows hair. Extending from just behind the mons pubis are the labia majora (labia = 'lips'; majora = 'larger'), which are larger skin fs olds coated with hair. Nestled within are the labia minora (labia = 'lips'; minora = 'smaller'), which are thinner, more...
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The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
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Urinary Bladder01:23

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...
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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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The Normal Female Pelvis.

Michelle K Roach1, Rochelle F Andreotti

  • 1Departments of *Obstetrics and Gynecology †Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
|December 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article reviews normal female pelvic anatomy using ultrasound. It details the appearance of the uterus and ovaries, and covers 3D imaging and saline-infused sonohysterography techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Gynecology
  • Female Pelvic Anatomy

Background:

  • Ultrasonography is a key imaging modality in gynecology.
  • Understanding normal pelvic anatomy is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • Standard ultrasound techniques are well-established for pelvic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of ultrasonographic evaluation of the normal female pelvis.
  • To review pertinent pelvic anatomy and the normal sonographic appearance of the uterus and ovaries.
  • To discuss indications and techniques for advanced imaging methods like 3D ultrasound and saline-infused sonohysterography.

Main Methods:

  • Review of standard pelvic ultrasonography.
  • Detailed description of normal uterine and ovarian morphology on ultrasound.
  • Explanation of 3-dimensional (3D) imaging principles and applications.
  • Outline of saline-infused sonohysterography (SIS) procedure and indications.

Main Results:

  • Detailed ultrasonographic characteristics of the normal uterus (size, shape, echotexture).
  • Normal sonographic appearance of the ovaries (size, morphology, follicle counts).
  • Established indications and technical considerations for 3D ultrasound and SIS.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrasonography is essential for evaluating the normal female pelvis.
  • Familiarity with normal anatomy and imaging techniques ensures diagnostic accuracy.
  • 3D imaging and SIS offer enhanced visualization for specific gynecological conditions.