Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 9, 2026
10:26
Inducing Apical Periodontitis in Mice
Published on: August 6, 2019
13.1K
Immune response in chronic periapical parodonititis.
Nataša Ihan Hren1, Marija Gubina2, Vesna Koželj1
1Department of Maxilofacial and Oral Surgery, University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Slovenia.
Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology
|December 24, 2016
Summary
This study investigated immune responses in chronic periapical periodontitis (CPP). Anaerobic bacteria triggered a Th1 response, causing severe inflammation, while oral streptococci induced a milder Th2 response.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Microbiology
- Dentistry
Background:
- Chronic periapical periodontitis (CPP) involves complex immune responses.
- Understanding the specific immune profiles associated with different microbialcolonizations is crucial for effective treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the immune response in CPP using a multidisciplinary approach.
- To correlate histological, bacteriological, and flow cytometric findings.
Main Methods:
- Surgical removal and analysis of 30 CPP samples.
- Histological, bacteriological, and flow cytometry (FC) analysis of infiltrating lymphocytes.
- Comparison of immune cell markers (IL-2 receptors, ICAM-1, IFN-gamma, IL-4) between CPP and peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Main Results:
- FC analysis revealed increased T lymphocytes expressing IL-2 receptors and ICAM-1 in CPP samples.
- Higher proportions of IFN-gamma-producing T helper cells were observed in anaerobic bacteria-predominant CPP.
- Oral streptococci-associated CPP showed a Th2 immune response, while anaerobic bacteria-associated CPP exhibited a Th1 response.
Conclusions:
- Microbial composition significantly influences the type of immune response in CPP.
- Anaerobic bacteria induce a severe Th1-mediated inflammatory response, leading to tissue damage.
- Oral streptococci elicit a less destructive Th2-mediated immune response.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Inflammatory Response
17.9K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
17.9K
01:30Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular
17.7K
The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
17.7K
01:40Cell-mediated Immune Responses
85.5K
Overview
85.5K
01:23Chronic Pharyngitis
13.8K
Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
13.8K
01:31Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
3.2K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
3.2K
01:29Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions
105
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
105