Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

2.1K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
2.1K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

9.0K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
9.0K
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

8.0K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
8.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mitochondrial Responses to Conventional and Ultra-high Dose Rate (FLASH) Radiation.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same author

A targetable FTO/SLC7A11/CBS/CTH axis controls cysteine metabolism, growth and survival in NSCLC.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Addition of Metastasis-Directed Therapy to Standard of Care for Oligometastatic Disease: Primary Aggregated Analysis of All Baskets from the Phase II Randomized EXTEND Trial.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2026
Same author

Metabolic underpinnings of cuproptosis.

Cell chemical biology·2026
Same author

FLASH Radiotherapy Mitigates Radiation-Induced Lymphopenia and Prevents Immunosuppression via Chk1-STAT3 Axis Modulation in a Preclinical Thoracic Irradiation Model.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same author

DHODH-Mediated Suppression of Ferroptosis Supports Radioresistance and Represents a Therapeutic Vulnerability in Lung Cancer.

Cancer research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
10:04

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells

Published on: August 1, 2025

1.8K

Reprogramming the immunological microenvironment through radiation and targeting Axl.

Todd A Aguilera1, Marjan Rafat1, Laura Castellini1

  • 1Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Nature Communications
|December 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Radiation therapy combined with immunotherapy shows promise for some cancers. Overexpression of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase in tumors limits treatment response by suppressing immune cells.

More Related Videos

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
09:15

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

4.1K
Novel Protocol for Generating Physiologic Immunogenic Dendritic Cells
12:08

Novel Protocol for Generating Physiologic Immunogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 17, 2019

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
10:04

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells

Published on: August 1, 2025

1.8K
Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
09:15

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

4.1K
Novel Protocol for Generating Physiologic Immunogenic Dendritic Cells
12:08

Novel Protocol for Generating Physiologic Immunogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 17, 2019

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Ionizing radiation therapy (RT) combined with checkpoint immunotherapy is effective for a subset of cancers.
  • Understanding limited responses to this combination therapy is crucial for improving cancer treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic, microenvironmental, and immune factors contributing to differential responses to RT and checkpoint immunotherapy.
  • To identify mechanisms underlying tumor resistance to combined treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of tumors from a transgenic breast cancer model with varying responses to RT and immunotherapy.
  • Genetic and immune profiling of responsive and unresponsive tumors.
  • Assessment of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) role in tumor growth, radiosensitivity, and immune response.

Main Results:

  • Two tumors with similar growth but different RT responses were identified, linked to antitumor immune response.
  • Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) overexpression was observed in unresponsive tumors.
  • Axl knockout led to slower tumor growth, increased radiosensitivity, and enhanced CD8+ T-cell response, particularly with immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) plays a significant role in suppressing antigen presentation and promoting a suppressive myeloid microenvironment, contributing to treatment resistance.
  • Targeting Axl may enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy and checkpoint immunotherapy by improving anti-tumor immunity.