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Loops and Strings in a Superconducting Lattice Gauge Simulator.

G K Brennen1, G Pupillo2, E Rico3,4

  • 1Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.

Physical Review Letters
|December 24, 2016
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Summary

We developed an analog quantum simulator for 2+1 dimensional electromagnetism using superconducting fluxonium devices. This simulator demonstrates the confining phase of compact U(1) lattice gauge theory, crucial for quantum computing advancements.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Simulation
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Electromagnetism

Background:

  • Analog quantum simulators offer a powerful platform for studying complex quantum systems.
  • Lattice gauge theories, like compact U(1) gauge theory, are fundamental to understanding fundamental forces but are computationally challenging.
  • Superconducting circuits provide a promising hardware basis for building controllable quantum simulators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and detail an architecture for an analog quantum simulator of 2+1 dimensional electromagnetism.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of simulating compact U(1) lattice gauge theory using superconducting fluxonium devices.
  • To provide methods for verifying the existence of the confining phase in the simulated system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an array of superconducting fluxonium devices for quantum simulation.
  • Encoding the quantum link model in the integer (spin-1) representation.
  • Engineering Gauss' law using ancilla-mediated gadget construction.
  • Tuning between strongly and intermediately coupled regimes.
  • Measuring nonlocal order parameters (Wilson loops) and disorder parameters ('t Hooft strings) nondestructively.

Main Results:

  • Successfully engineered Gauss' law and controlled coupling regimes.
  • Demonstrated the construction and nondestructive measurement of order and disorder parameters.
  • Provided numerical evidence for the existence of the confined phase in the ground state of the simulation Hamiltonian on a ladder geometry.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed architecture is a viable approach for analog quantum simulation of 2+1 dimensional electromagnetism.
  • The study confirms the existence of the confining phase, a key prediction of the quantum link model.
  • This work paves the way for future investigations into non-perturbative quantum field theories using quantum simulators.