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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

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An integrin approach to axon regeneration.

¹John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambrige, UK.

Eye (London, England)

|December 24, 2016

Summary

Central nervous system (CNS) axon regeneration is hindered by inhibitory molecules and a loss of regenerative capacity. Enhancing specific integrin expression and transport shows promise for promoting CNS axon repair.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cell Biology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Central nervous system (CNS) axon regeneration is significantly impaired by inhibitory environmental cues and intrinsic developmental changes.
Axon growth relies on cell migration mechanisms, requiring adhesion molecules, signaling pathways, and cytoskeletal interactions.
Key factors limiting CNS regeneration include the developmental downregulation of integrins and their mis-trafficking away from axons.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate strategies for overcoming inhibitory factors and restoring regenerative potential in CNS axons.
To explore the role of specific integrins and their activators in promoting axon regeneration.
To assess the feasibility of enhancing axon regeneration through targeted molecular interventions.

Main Methods:

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Investigated the function of tenascin-binding α9-integrin and kindlin-1 in sensory axon regeneration.
Examined the transport and expression of integrins in CNS axons, including retinal ganglion cell axons.
Utilized gene transduction techniques to express α9-integrin and kindlin-1 in ganglion cells.

Main Results:

Expression of α9-integrin and kindlin-1 successfully promoted regeneration of sensory axons in the spinal cord.
Integrin transport into sensory axons was identified as a critical factor for regeneration.
While some retinal ganglion cell axons showed integrin expression and potential for regeneration, others required further investigation regarding transport mechanisms.

Conclusions:

Targeted expression of α9-integrin and kindlin-1 can enhance CNS axon regeneration, particularly in subsets of axons where integrins are successfully transported.
Addressing integrin transport is crucial for achieving widespread regeneration in remaining CNS axons.
This approach offers a potential therapeutic strategy for CNS injury and neurodegenerative diseases.