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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over...
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Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
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Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
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Metrological Timelines in Traceability.

Charles D Ehrlich1, Stanley D Rasberry1

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|December 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Measurement traceability is crucial for global trade. This study introduces methods to account for time-dependent changes in measurement standards, ensuring reliable comparisons across borders.

Keywords:
calibrationequivalencemeasurement assurancemeasurement comparisonsmeasurement uncertaintymetrologytimelinestraceabilitytraceability statements

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Area of Science:

  • Metrology
  • Measurement Science
  • International Standards

Background:

  • Global commerce necessitates internationally recognized measurement capabilities.
  • Traceability, linking measurements to higher standards with uncertainties, is key.
  • Time-dependent changes in instruments and standards complicate traceability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop methods for incorporating time-dependent changes into traceability statements.
  • To enhance the clarity and reliability of measurement comparisons.
  • To address the complexities of traceability across national boundaries.

Main Methods:

  • Developing approaches to manage time-dependent variations in measurement processes.
  • Utilizing metrological time-lines for visualizing traceability relationships.
  • Emphasizing documented measurement assurance procedures for uncertainty estimation.

Main Results:

  • Proposed methods effectively handle variations in measurement standards over time.
  • Metrological time-lines offer a clear visualization of traceability.
  • The study clarifies traceability concepts when crossing laboratory or national borders.

Conclusions:

  • The developed approaches improve the robustness of traceability statements.
  • Accurate uncertainty estimation requires documented measurement assurance.
  • The concept of 'equivalence' is increasingly relevant for complex international measurement relationships.