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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

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Plagiocephaly and Developmental Delay: A Systematic Review.

Alexandra L C Martiniuk1, Cassandra Vujovich-Dunn, Miles Park

  • 1*School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; †Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ‡Musculoskeletal Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; §Built Environment, Industrial Design Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ‖Gosford Hospital, Central Coast Local Health District, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia; ¶Physiotherapy Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; **Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : JDBP
|December 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Infants with deformational plagiocephaly (altered head shape) have an increased risk of developmental delays, particularly motor delays. Early intervention is recommended for affected infants.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric neurology
  • Developmental pediatrics
  • Clinical epidemiology

Background:

  • Deformational plagiocephaly, encompassing plagiocephaly and brachycephaly, is a prevalent pediatric condition.
  • Infants with abnormal head shapes are frequently observed to have developmental delays.
  • The prevalence and persistence of developmental delay in infants with plagiocephaly remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the existing literature on the association between plagiocephaly and developmental delay.
  • To provide evidence-based guidance for clinical practice regarding infants with plagiocephaly.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PEDro databases was performed.
  • Data extraction included study sample, follow-up, design, and findings.
  • Methodological quality was assessed using a critical appraisal tool.

Main Results:

  • 19 studies met inclusion criteria from 1315 initially identified articles.
  • A positive association between plagiocephaly and developmental delay was found in 13 of 19 studies, notably in 4 of 5 high-quality studies.
  • Motor delay was the most common domain affected, especially in younger children (≤24 months) and in high-quality studies.

Conclusions:

  • Plagiocephaly serves as an indicator of heightened risk for developmental delays in infants.
  • Close monitoring for developmental delays is crucial for infants diagnosed with plagiocephaly.
  • Early referral to services like physiotherapy can mitigate motor delays and identify long-term developmental needs.