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SGLT-2 inhibitors: Their pleiotropic properties

Natalia G Vallianou1, Eleni Geladari1, Christos E Kazazis2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome
|December 25, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors offer new hope for type 2 diabetes management, aiding in glucose control, weight loss, and blood pressure reduction. These agents also show potential for kidney protection and are being investigated for cardiovascular benefits.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global pandemic affecting over 415 million people worldwide.
  • New therapeutic strategies are crucial for managing T2DM and its complications.
  • Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) represent a novel class of glucose-lowering agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pleiotropic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors beyond glycemic control.
  • To discuss their impact on weight, blood pressure, and renal function.
  • To explore their potential cardiovascular and long-term safety profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on SGLT2 inhibitors.
  • Analysis of data regarding glycemic control, HbA1c levels, and weight reduction.
  • Evaluation of evidence for nephroprotective and cardiovascular effects.

Main Results:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors effectively lower HbA1c, promote modest weight loss, and reduce blood pressure.
  • These agents demonstrate nephro-protective potential by restoring intra-glomerular pressure via angiotensin (1-7).
  • Cardiovascular event profiles are still under investigation, and long-term safety requires further research.

Conclusions:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors possess significant pleiotropic benefits in T2DM management.
  • Their multifaceted actions include glycemic control, metabolic improvements, and organ protection.
  • Further long-term studies are essential to fully elucidate their safety and efficacy.
Keywords:
Angiotensin (1–7)Cardiovascular riskGlycosuriaKidneySafety profileSodium-glucose-co-transporters 2 inhibitors

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