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Different Endomembrane Trafficking Pathways Establish Apical and Basal Polarities.

Ruixi Li1,2,3, Cecilia Rodriguez-Furlan1,2, Junqi Wang4

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A new compound, endosidin 16 (ES16), disrupts apical cell polarity in plants by inhibiting protein recycling and secretion. This discovery reveals a distinct endomembrane pathway essential for maintaining cell polarity.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant cell biology
  • Molecular and cell biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The endomembrane system is crucial for cell signaling, polarity, and shape.
  • While basal polarity mechanisms are understood, apical polarity maintenance is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify mechanisms maintaining apical cell polarity in plants.
  • To characterize the function of novel compounds affecting endomembrane trafficking.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical genomics screen to identify inhibitors of apical polarity.
  • Analysis of endomembrane trafficking and protein localization.
  • Pharmacological and genetic validation of compound targets.

Main Results:

  • Endosidin 16 (ES16) selectively perturbs apical plasma membrane proteins without affecting basal polarity.
  • ES16 inhibits recycling and secretion of apical, lateral, and nonpolar proteins.
  • ES16 action is mediated by RabA GTPases interacting with BIG clade ARF-GEFs.

Conclusions:

  • ES16 defines a novel endomembrane sorting pathway.
  • RabA GTPases and BIG clade ARF-GEFs regulate nonbasal trafficking.
  • This pathway is essential for establishing and maintaining plant cell polarity.