[Wunderlich syndrome: presentation of a case].

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Urologic Oncology
• Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

• Wunderlich's syndrome is characterized by spontaneous, non-traumatic renal hemorrhage.
• Differential diagnosis includes renal trauma, vascular anomalies, and infections.
• Renal neoplasia is an increasingly recognized cause of spontaneous retroperitoneal bleeding.

Observation:

• A case of spontaneous renal bleeding secondary to renal neoplasia is presented.
• Diagnostic workup involved imaging and laboratory tests to exclude other etiologies.
• The patient presented with classic symptoms of acute flank pain and hematuria.

Findings:

• Renal neoplasia was identified as the primary cause of bleeding.
• Other potential causes of Wunderlich's syndrome were systematically excluded.
• Contralateral kidney function was confirmed to be normal.

Implications:

• Radical nephrectomy is indicated for non-filiated renal neoplasia causing spontaneous renal bleeding.
• Early diagnosis and surgical intervention can prevent life-threatening hemorrhage.
• This case highlights the importance of considering renal tumors in the differential diagnosis of Wunderlich's syndrome.