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Protocatechuic acid methyl ester ameliorates fluoride toxicity in A549 cells
Jaishabanu Ameeramja1, Ekambaram Perumal1
1Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India.
Summary
Protocatechuic acid methyl ester (PCAME) protects lung cells from fluoride toxicity by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. PCAME can serve as a nutraceutical agent against fluoride-induced lung damage.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Toxicology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Fluoride (F-) exposure can lead to lung toxicity.
- Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis are key mechanisms in F- induced lung damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the protective effects of protocatechuic acid methyl ester (PCAME) against F- induced lung toxicity in A549 cells.
- To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of PCAME's protective action.
Main Methods:
- A549 cells were treated with sodium fluoride (NaF) alone and in combination with PCAME.
- Evaluated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, F- content, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis, and gene expression.
- Assessed mitochondrial membrane integrity and intracellular calcium levels.
Main Results:
- PCAME significantly alleviated F- induced lung cell toxicity.
- PCAME modulated F- bioavailability, reduced intracellular calcium levels, and preserved mitochondrial membrane integrity.
- PCAME normalized F- induced increases in ROS generation, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis, and inflammatory gene expression.
Conclusions:
- PCAME effectively attenuates F- induced lung toxicity by mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
- PCAME demonstrates potential as a nutraceutical agent for managing F- toxicity.
