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Prey dynamics under generalist predator culling in stage structured models.

Michel Iskin da S Costa1, Pedro V Esteves2, Lucas Del Bianco Faria3

  • 1Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 333 - Quitandinha, Petrópolis, RJ 25651-070, Brazil.

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|December 26, 2016
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Summary

Predator culling impacts prey populations with distinct juvenile and adult stages. Mathematical models reveal effects like Allee effects, oscillations, and predator-pit dynamics, influencing conservation and pest control.

Keywords:
Alternative stable statesFunctional responseHydra effectStage dependent predationUnstable limit cycle

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Predator culling is a common management strategy.
  • Prey populations often exhibit complex structures (e.g., age or stage classes).
  • Predator-prey interactions can lead to diverse population dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of predator culling on a two-stage prey population.
  • To analyze how different predator functional responses influence these effects.
  • To explore implications for conservation, harvesting, and pest control.

Main Methods:

  • Development and analysis of mathematical dynamical models.
  • Inclusion of stage-specific predation by two generalist predators.
  • Consideration of Type 2 and Type 3 functional responses in all combinations.

Main Results:

  • Predator culling can induce demographic Allee effects.
  • Sustained population oscillations and alternative stable states (e.g., predator-pit) were observed.
  • The Hydra effect was also identified under specific parameter values.

Conclusions:

  • Predator culling strategies must account for prey stage structure and predator functional responses.
  • Observed dynamics have significant implications for managing wildlife populations, optimizing harvest yields, and implementing biological pest control.
  • Mathematical modeling provides crucial insights into complex ecological management scenarios.