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Microcystins activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in human liver cells in vitro - Implications
Johan Lundqvist1, Heidi Pekar2, Agneta Oskarsson1
1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Abstract:
Microcystins, a potential threat to drinking water quality, are hepatotoxic but it has remained unclear if microcystins induce oxidative stress. We investigated if four microcystins could activate the Nrf2 pathway, a regulator of oxidative stress response. Nrf2 activity was significantly increased by microcystin-LR and -RR at 10 μM, by microcystin-LY at 3 μM, by [D-Asp3]-LR and by microcystin-LR at 1 μM. Our results lend support to the suggestion that microcystins may induce oxidative stress response.

