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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
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Emerging Functions of Circular RNAs.

Mariela Cortés-López1, Pedro Miura2

  • 1Centro de Ciencias Genómicas UNAM Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; University of Nevada, Reno, Department of Biology, Reno, NV, USA.

The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
|December 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abundant in metazoan genomes, with recent research revealing their roles beyond microRNA sponges, including in neural tissues and cancer. Further studies are exploring their diverse functions and biogenesis.

Keywords:
EIciRNAsRNA-seqagingalternative splicingceRNAciRNAscircRNAsmicroRNAnon-coding RNAtranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Thousands of circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified across metazoan genomes.
  • Most circRNAs originate from exonic regions of protein-coding genes via back-splicing.
  • While biogenesis and regulation are increasingly understood, circRNA functions remain largely elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding circRNA biogenesis and regulation.
  • To discuss newly discovered functions of circRNAs.
  • To highlight methodologies for uncovering novel circRNA roles.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptome-wide sequencing for circRNA identification.
  • Analysis of genome-wide expression patterns.
  • Review of experimental approaches for functional characterization.

Main Results:

  • CircRNAs are prevalent, with specific enrichment in neural tissues and synapses.
  • Established functions include acting as microRNA sponges.
  • Emerging roles involve protein sequestration, transcriptional regulation, and involvement in cancer.

Conclusions:

  • CircRNAs exhibit diverse and evolving functions beyond microRNA sponging.
  • Their preferential expression in neural tissues suggests critical roles in the nervous system.
  • Continued methodological development is key to unlocking the full spectrum of circRNA functions.