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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
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Focus on Nivolumab in NSCLC.

Diego L Cortinovis1, Stefania Canova1, Marida Abbate1

  • 1SC Oncologia Medica, Ospedale San Gerardo , Monza , Italy.

Frontiers in Medicine
|December 27, 2016
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Summary

Nivolumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, shows efficacy and safety in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. This review examines its clinical use, safety, and role in NSCLC treatment algorithms.

Keywords:
NSCLCPD-1PDL1checkpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapynivolumab

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy, specifically PD-1 inhibitors like nivolumab, is transforming non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment.
  • Nivolumab has shown significant efficacy and a favorable safety profile in NSCLC patients.

Approach:

  • This review analyzes existing literature on nivolumab in lung cancer.
  • It focuses on critical aspects including safety, clinical application, and treatment algorithm integration.

Key Points:

  • Optimal patient selection for nivolumab therapy remains a challenge.
  • Key areas of investigation include first-line treatment roles, radiologic assessment methods, and managing immune-mediated adverse events.
  • Overcoming immunoresistance is crucial for maximizing therapeutic benefit.

Conclusions:

  • Nivolumab represents a significant advancement in NSCLC treatment.
  • Further research is needed to address current challenges and optimize its use in clinical practice.
  • Understanding nivolumab's safety and efficacy is vital for its integration into lung cancer treatment strategies.