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Inferior vena cava filters.

L Duffett1, M Carrier1

  • 1Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH
|December 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are increasingly used without evidence of reduced mortality. Their use is only supported for specific patients with contraindications to anticoagulation, requiring careful follow-up.

Keywords:
hemorrhagevena cava filtersvena cava, inferiorvenous thromboembolismvenous thrombosis

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter use has surged, yet evidence linking them to reduced venous thromboembolism (VTE) mortality is lacking.
  • Increased use is driven by prophylactic indications for retrievable filters, despite concerns about adverse events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the efficacy and safety of IVC filter placement.
  • To evaluate the clinical role of IVC filters in managing VTE.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature on IVC filter use.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding IVC filter efficacy and safety profiles.

Main Results:

  • IVC filters are indicated for acute proximal DVT or PE with absolute anticoagulation contraindications.
  • Anticoagulation should be resumed and filters removed once contraindications resolve.
  • Evidence is insufficient for other indications, necessitating high-quality trials.

Conclusions:

  • IVC filters are a critical option for select VTE patients unable to receive anticoagulation.
  • Regular follow-up is essential for patients with retained IVC filters to monitor for complications and assess removal.
  • Further high-quality research is needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for broader IVC filter use.