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Complement components in Nigerians with bronchial asthma.

G C Onyemelukwe1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria.

Annals of Allergy
|October 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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This study found higher C3d levels in Nigerian asthma patients, suggesting anaphylatoxins may contribute to asthma development. Elevated IgM and IgG indicate recurrent exposure to environmental allergens and infections.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease.
  • The role of the complement system in asthma pathogenesis is not fully understood, especially in tropical environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate serum complement component levels in Nigerian asthmatic patients.
  • To explore the potential role of complement activation in asthma etiopathogenesis in a tropical setting.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of serum complement components (C1q, C3, C4, factor B, C3d) in asthmatic Nigerians and controls.
  • Comparison of complement levels between asthmatic patients and matched controls.

Main Results:

  • Asthmatic patients showed higher mean C3 levels compared to controls.

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  • Lower mean levels of C1q and C4 were observed in asthmatic patients.
  • Elevated C3d levels in asthmatics suggest complement activation.
  • Significantly increased IgM and IgG levels were noted, possibly due to recurrent environmental antigen exposure.

    • Conclusions:

    • Complement component C3d and anaphylatoxins (C3a, C5a) may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of perennial asthma in Nigerian patients.
    • Elevated immunoglobulin levels suggest chronic immune stimulation from local allergens and infections.