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Related Concept Videos

Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
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Is electroconvulsive therapy during pregnancy safe?

Magdalena Jiménez-Cornejo1, Natalia Zamorano-Levi2, Álvaro Jeria3

  • 1Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Proyecto Epistemonikos, Santiago, Chile. Email: dr.alvarojeria@gmail.com. Address: Concha y Toro 3459, Puente Alto. Santiago, Chile.

Medwave
|December 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an alternative for pregnant women with psychiatric conditions, but its safety is uncertain. Evidence is very low certainty, making risks unclear and guidelines inconsistent.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Psychiatry
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Limited therapeutic options exist for psychiatric disorders during pregnancy due to drug restrictions.
  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered an alternative, but its safety in pregnancy is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the safety and risks of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) during pregnancy.
  • To synthesize evidence from existing systematic reviews and clinical guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Searched the Epistemonikos database for systematic reviews on ECT in pregnancy.
  • Included five systematic reviews encompassing 81 studies (case series/individual cases).
  • Utilized the GRADE method for data extraction and summary table preparation.

Main Results:

  • The certainty of existing evidence regarding the risks of ECT during pregnancy is very low.
  • Systematic reviews and international clinical guidelines present conflicting conclusions and recommendations.

Conclusions:

  • The risks associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) during pregnancy remain unclear due to very low-certainty evidence.
  • Discrepancies in existing reviews and guidelines highlight the need for further research and consensus.